What are instructions for actors and stage crew typically written in italics called?

The correct answer is stage directions, which are essential components of a script that provide guidance to actors and stage crew on how to perform a scene. These instructions are typically written in italics to distinguish them from the dialogue spoken by the characters. Stage directions can include information about movement, emotions, expressions, and even specific instructions for lighting or sound effects, creating a visual and auditory atmosphere for the performance. By following these directions, actors can understand their physical positioning and interactions with the set and other performers, leading to a cohesive and engaging presentation. Overall, stage directions help bring the playwright's vision to life, clarifying how the action should unfold on stage.