What does the term 'theme' refer to in literature?

In literature, the term 'theme' refers to the underlying moral lesson or central message that the author communicates through the narrative. Themes are often universal concepts that resonate with readers and invite them to reflect on their own experiences and values. Examples of common themes include love, conflict, redemption, and the struggle for identity. Understanding the theme helps readers to connect with the text on a deeper level, as it provides insight into the motivations and actions of characters as well as the broader implications of the story.

While an author's biography, the setting of the narrative, and the publication date can all offer interesting context and information about a text, they do not represent the theme. The theme is specifically about the moral or philosophical ideas explored in the work, making it a crucial element for literary analysis and understanding the significance of a story.